https://leonardpalmer.com
2025-10-21T01:02:23+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/X2124788266434517318736741248677/Monoliths.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Monoliths</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/F2124788266489857550957869903525/Pipecycle_Design.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Pipecycle_Design</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2124788266582091271326417661605/woodles.n.things.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>woodles.n.things</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R2124788266416070574663031697061/InsideOut.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Inside Out</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2124788266526751039105289006757/SchoolwithRoomforQueerness.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>A School with Room for Queerness</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2124788266452964062810450800293/Mosscrete.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Moss*Crete</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/C2124788266471410806884160351909/perspective.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Perspective</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R2124788266508304295031579455141/Pipecycle_Experiment.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Pipecycle_Experiment</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2124788266379177086515612593829/DataPublic.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Data (Pub)lic<br /></h2>
</div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/X2124788266360730342441903042213/Confession.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Confession</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/L2124788266342283598368193490597/Blobs.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Shells of Light, Blobs of Shadow</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/B2124788266397623830589322145445/FeeltheFlux.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Feel the Flux</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2124788266563644527252708109989/SlopeHouse.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Slope House</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/K2124788266600538015400127213221/ZeroWasteCart.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Zero Waste Cart</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/B2266322305744009309583065853605/Wasen.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Japanese Boat Building Workshop</h2></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/X2609115099165541561270941363877/Wool.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><h2>Upcycling Wool Ecologies</h2></div>
https://leonardpalmer.com/design
2024-12-22T19:08:49+00:00
always
0.5
https://leonardpalmer.com/a-school-with-room-for-queerness
2025-05-05T00:10:28+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
<span class="image-caption">Many LGBTQ people experience what’s called a
“delayed adolescence” or “second adolescence.”
The idea is that you “delay” your adolescence until
you’re often well into your 20s and 30s, when you
are established enough and feel secure enough
to finally come out and explore your true identity
- an experimentation process which, for cis straight
adolescents, typically happens in their
teenage years to early 20’s.
What if children today felt safe enough to do the kind of
self-exploration that in my generation and above have
been reserved to in our adult years?</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/T2127376062079279792132796559013/G10_09_Axo.gif
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2127376062060833048059087007397/G10_08_Model.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/B2127376061968599327690539249317/G10_03_Model.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2127376061931705839543120146085/G10_01_SiteModel.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The proposed school sits on an island in the heart of Osaka called Nakanoshima,
bustling with major urban redevelopment projects. The island is the epitome of an
urban trend of commercial developments driven by neoliberal policies, prioritizing
profit over inclusion.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2127376061913259095469410594469/G10_00_Model.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Many LGBTQ people experience what’s called a
“delayed adolescence” or “second adolescence.”
The idea is that you “delay” your adolescence until
you’re often well into your 20s and 30s, when you
are established enough and feel secure enough
to finally come out and explore your true identity
- an experimentation process which, for cis straight
adolescents, typically happens in their
teenage years to early 20’s.
What if children today felt safe enough to do the kind of
self-exploration that in my generation and above have
been reserved to in our adult years?</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2127376062005492815837958352549/G10_05_Plan.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Classrooms spill out into the spaces
in between, expanding the learning space beyond
the boundaries of the classroom. This departs from the
container style of classrooms in prototypical schools,
where classrooms are assigned to students. Rather,
variations of relational spaces create discoverable
spaces by the students.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2127376061950152583616829697701/G10_02_FigureGround.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">The design of the school learns from the dense yet porous,
urban yet intimate gay districts like Shinjuku Ni-Chome, Tokyo, and Doyamacho,
Osaka, whose nature is in direct contrast to the island where mega buildings live as
discrete objects. <b>Left:</b> Figure-ground of Doyamacho, Osaka superimposed on Nakanoshima; <b>Right:</b> Figure-ground of Shinjuku Ni-Chome superimposed on Nakanoshima.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/U2127376061987046071764248800933/G10_04_Plan.gif
<span class="image-caption">“Space acquires ‘direction’ through how bodies
inhabit it, just as bodies acquire direction in this
inhabitance. <br />
Adding ‘orientation’ to the picture gives
a new dimension to the critique of the distinction
between absolute space and relative space.”<br />
- Sara Ahmed, Queer Phenomenology<br />
<br />
In prototypical Japanese schools, we see the linear corridor on one side, and classrooms on the other. A very regimented plan, we could say that “straightness” is literally engineered into the architecture of the school. In the proposed school, the linear corridor disappears and instead creates intermediary zones between classroom and classroom, or classroom and the outside.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/S2127376062042386303985377455781/G10_07_Model.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">Classrooms are arranged around an
asymmetrical cluster of bathrooms. The
overlaps between the classroom spaces create opportunities for the inner
space to be subdivided by sliding doors, or to extend
out to the exterior.<br />
</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2127376062023939559911667904165/G10_06_Model.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">The typically gender-segregated spaces,
like the changing room, are designed as a
transitional space where the curvature of
the space creates privacy as opposed to
doors separating inside and outside.</span></div>
https://leonardpalmer.com/pipecycle_design-1
2026-03-18T21:46:49+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2127979696859405405677248949925/G9_04_Pipes.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">The polished aluminum pipes that make up the folly embody a duality in emissivity - a measurement of the rate at which a surface emits heat. One side is left uncoated for low emissivity, and the other side is painted with a matte black paint, increasing the emissivity close to 1. This duality of emissivity fluctuates the temperature of the water flowing through the Pipecycle, creating two distinct thermal zones - one cool and one warm.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/I2127979696914745637898377604773/G9_07_Model.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The
pipecycle uses the existing supply of cold water in the underground reservior.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2127979696877852149750958501541/G9_05_Mobius.gif
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">The design of the folly takes advantage of the geometrical characteristics of a one-sided ruled surface - the Möbius strip. The twist of the surface creates a condition where the interior surface becomes the exterior, then back to the interior. </span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/W2127979696822511917529829846693/G9_02_Crane.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Building systems have traditionally been separated from architectural design, hiding the “cause” from the “effect.”
Crane Co., the once leading manufacturer of bathroom fittings in the US, prided over the hiddenness
of their plumbing fixtures – as we see in their bathroom advertisements from 1925.
The plumbing fixtures never leave the blueprint so as to not disturb the carefully
designed and controlled bathroom interior:<br />
“Crane
beauty in the open; Crane quality in all hidden fittings.”
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/I2127979696988532614193215811237/G9_11_Views.gif
<span class="image-caption">The folly creates
two extreme thermal experiences that show the effect and potential of radiant
cooling and heating without hiding the system – rather, the form is created
with the system, renegotiating the relationship between cause and effect, as
well as building systems and design.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/W2127979696896298893824668053157/G9_06_Axo.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">Pipecycle sets out to demonstrate the potential of radiant cooling and heating by creating two micro-climates with a dynamic pipe system that embodies both cause and effect in its design and mechanism.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2127979696840958661603539398309/G9_03_Resevoir.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">The project site is on the Crane Estate in Ipswich, MA. Appropriate for the founder of a plumbing company, the Estate was built with a state-of-the-art plumbing and irrigation system. Even though it is a crucial water supply to the Estate, much of the vast system is hidden, with only a derelict structure at the edge of the parking lot visible to us. The project aims to elevate the reservoir’s presence, while seeing an opportunity in its supply of chill water to create a dynamic thermal experience.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2127979696951639126045796708005/G9_09_Model.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2127979696970085870119506259621/G9_10_Plan.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/W2127979696933192381972087156389/G9_08_Section.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Water enters the pipecycle at the eye of the well. The cold water at chills
the space below ambient temperature.
Then in the middle, the high emissivity black side of the pipes flip outward to absorb solar radiation from the
south. The warm water then flows to the other side of the folly to create a warm zone.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/F2127979696785618429382410743461/G9_00_Model.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/D2846337229084709076164604702373/G9_12_Exhibition.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Pipecycle exhibited at <i>Our Artificial Nature</i>, Druker Design Gallery, Harvard GSD (Oct. - Nov. 2023).</span>
https://leonardpalmer.com/data-pub(lic)
2025-03-25T02:03:05+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
<span class="image-caption">The project centers around the question: How can we rethink the data center as not a closed
fortress, but instead as a catalyst for tech innovation and community
engagement?</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/W2129656841700234721727820967589/G8_01_Program.jpg
<div style="text-align: left"><span class="image-caption">
</span><div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">Through the synthesis of three entities - the Data Center,
the Tech Hub, and the Pub - Data Pub(lic) aims to bring
a sense of place to the Data Center site that bridges
the historic community of Askeaton and the new tech
community.</span></div></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/I2129656841626447745432982761125/G8_00_SitePlan.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The project centers around the question: How can we rethink the data center as not a closed
fortress, but instead as a catalyst for tech innovation and community
engagement?</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2129656841718681465801530519205/G8_02_Bridge.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The Bridge
is the front entrance to the site directly connected to the highway. It acts as
a gate framing the first view into the site with the data center making its
prominent presence.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2129656841774021698022659174053/G8_05_Brewery.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">Across the football field from the pub, people are invited to visit the brewery housed in between the server halls of the data center.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2129656841810915186170078277285/G8_07_Phases.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The project also considers the
short-lived data centers. Data center leases
typically last 25 years or less, after which it will be decommissioned. This
proposal considers its afterlife of the data center as extension of labs for
the tech hub, taking advantage of the large span and capacity of the data halls
to place research and lab equipment.
In
addition, the proposal also plans for the adaptive reuse of housing units. The
construction of the data centers at the beginning will require housing for the
construction crew. These housing units will be reused to house the tech hub
constituents once construction is complete.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2129656841755574953948949622437/G8_04_Pub.jpg
<span class="image-caption">At the center of the development is a sunken football field that is designed to collect excess rain water and prevent flooding.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2129656841737128209875240070821/G8_03_Town.jpg
<span class="image-caption">In
contrast, The Town has an intimate experience, lined with town houses and small
pubs, and pocket parks scattered in between. </span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/D2267779894651414979420161945253/G8_Site.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Askeaton
finds itself in a unique position between the rural and the historic on the one
hand, and on the other hand, business and commerce, as well as tourism. Specifically,
Askeaton is conveniently located on one of the major motorways, N69 that
connects the town to nearby towns such as Limerick and Foynes. N69 also lies on
a tourist route called the Shannon Estuary Way and more broadly the Wild
Atlantic Way. It also connects to Shannon Airport which is a major hub for
domestic and international travel.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2267786489546888771321960181413/G8_Resources.gif
<span class="image-caption">A symbiotic system harnesses resource relationships: excess heat from data centers brews beer and warms buildings on site and the town of Askeaton; town and brewery wastewater cools servers and mitigates flooding; spent barley fuels data centers or feeds livestock; and collected urine sustainably fertilizes barley fields.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/C2267842373386211008123584753317/G8_09_Castle.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The mix of
different scales and experiences create a sense of place that is typically not associated
with data centers.</span>
https://leonardpalmer.com/slope-house-1
2025-03-25T02:03:54+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
<span class="image-caption">Slope House offers
opportunities for creative and organic play, while eyes from each unit pours
onto the roof. The eyes on the roof renegotiates childcare and play into the
everyday life of families by making it a communal responsibility among the
residents.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/V2130725688350249614164453863077/G7_06_Section.jpg
<br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/W2130725688424036590459292069541/G7_09_Corridor.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The ramps weave in and out of the
roof surface play area - also becoming an opportunity for play.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Z2130725688331802870090744311461/G7_05_Section.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Each unit has a view into the
collective play space from their interior living and domestic spaces.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/T2130725688479376822680420724389/G7_12_Plan.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/U2130725688294909381943325208229/G7_03.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The roof form is a collection of
different kinds of conventional roofs, creating playful spaces - inspired by
Claude Parent’s Tilted World</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/V2130725688387143102311872966309/G7_08.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/K2130725688313356126017034759845/G7_04_Section.jpg
<span class="image-caption">
In section, the sloped surfaces
create three large roof scapes, with a shared backyard and corridors slicing
through the mountain-like form for better access to sunlight for all units.<br />
</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2130725688239569149722196553381/G7_00.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Slope House offers
opportunities for creative and organic play, while eyes from each unit pours
onto the roof. The eyes on the roof renegotiates childcare and play into the
everyday life of families by making it a communal responsibility among the
residents.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2130725688497823566754130276005/G7_13_Plan.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2130725688276462637869615656613/G7_02.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The roof of Slope House has pockets
of play spaces dispersed throughout - blurring the line between play and
everyday life.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2130725688368696358238163414693/G7_07_Section.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Play and everyday life mixes
together in section, offering lines of sight and adventurous circulation.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2130725688405589846385582517925/G7_08_Roof.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/C2130725688258015893795906104997/G7_01.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The housing complex is designed as a large sloped form, with the roof being a playscape where
children can wander around and explore the pockets of shared collective spaces
carved out of the roof.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/U2268046133594045265732526517925/G7_04_Section_anno1.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Public programs such as daycare and
youth-led community programs live in the two public corridors on the ground
floor on either side.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2268055532062576868159398456997/G7_04_Section_anno2.jpg
<span class="image-caption">In addition, on the top level above the corridors,
communal terrace spaces are shared among residents. </span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/H2268107074073299731870149619365/G7_Units.gif
<span class="image-caption">Play shapes circulation—storage boxes and ladders transform daily routines into adventure. A kids’ mezzanine connects seamlessly to shared play spaces above neighboring units. Even smaller units thoughtfully integrate play, keeping children central to the design. Studios support retired couples or young professionals who may not have children of their own but still are a part of the community eye.</span>
https://leonardpalmer.com/inside-out-1
2025-03-25T02:05:37+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
<span class="image-caption">The proposed headquarters for MAS centers
around a void that cuts diagonally through the structure, reaching the public
plaza – slightly below ground but a part of the streetscape.
Every
floor intersects with the tapered cut that connects to the public plaza below –
connecting to the street. This void is where the public and MAS constantly
arrive at: This accumulation of arrivals flips the inner façade into the main
façade of the building, bringing the inside out.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2143363723107723036831703740069/G6_06_Plans.gif
<span class="image-caption">Offices of MAS occupy the upper floors, all connecting to the central void extending from the street.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2143363723181510013126541946533/G6_10_Alcove.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Inside
the building, the tapered cut creates different scales of spaces on each floor.
<br />
In the ‘alcove’, desks are grouped into clusters, as opposed
to endless rows. Wood canopies extend out of the structure, creating a
bubble of intimacy for small group collaboration.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/V2143363723218403501273961049765/G6_12_Section.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The meeting rooms jut out into the void that is
a part of the public plaza below. This design makes previously private meetings
inherently public, and renegotiates what an office space is, and how its
occupants act in this new office.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/A2143363723070829548684284636837/G6_04_Ground-Floor-Plan.jpg
<span class="image-caption">On the
ground floor the public programs like the exhibition space and lecture hall are
directly connected to this plaza, with the library on the second floor.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2143363723015489316463155981989/G6_01_Ref.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Thinking about public spaces like the stoop in front of a
restaurant, the steps in front of the MET, the underground concourse at
Rockefeller Center --- these spaces create distinct areas for gathering while
still being a part of the streetscape. In some cases protrusions break the continuity of the façade
and physically enter into the collective void, bringing more attention to the
spaces inside them.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2143363723199956757200251498149/G6_11_Nooks.jpg
<span class="image-caption">At an even more intimate level, the ‘nooks’ create individual
spaces of work and reflection.<br />
Just
as the large knife edge creates a space that is continuous with the street yet
distinct from it, the furniture creates an intimate space that is still a part
of the collective lobby and corridor.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/S2143363723126169780905413291685/G6_07_Ref.jpg
<span class="image-caption">At the core of this project is thinking about how to
negotiate the different scales of relationships – between the public and the
building, and its occupants.<br />
The
structure can define the architecture of building – while furniture can define
an architecture of intimacy. </span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/W2143363723052382804610575085221/G6_03_Circulation.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The
plaza is an extension of the sidewalk, one of the largest spaces that belong to
the public realm in the city. And yet, the plaza is also inside the building
where you’re instantly engulfed in the inner façade upon entering. All
circulation starts and ends with the large opening of this plaza.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2143363723089276292757994188453/G6_05_2nd-Floor-Plan.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/I2143363722997042572389446430373/G6_00_Section.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The proposed headquarters for MAS centers
around a void that cuts diagonally through the structure, reaching the public
plaza – slightly below ground but a part of the streetscape.
Every
floor intersects with the tapered cut that connects to the public plaza below –
connecting to the street. This void is where the public and MAS constantly
arrive at: This accumulation of arrivals flips the inner façade into the main
façade of the building, bringing the inside out.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/L2143363723033936060536865533605/G6_02_Massing.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The
void diagonally cuts through the building, meeting the street corner facing Washington
square park with a large opening.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2143363723163063269052832394917/G6_09_Plaza.gif
<span class="image-caption">At the building scale, the plaza is where the building
interacts with the street and the public.
<br />
It could transform into an extension of the auditorium, or a
performance stage, or even a place for art, inviting the public inside.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/V2143363723144616524979122843301/G6_08_Diagram.jpg
<span class="image-caption">What the knife edge above the plaza does is that it creates
a distinct space that is neither inside nor outside the street – connecting the
building and the public.<br />
On the
office floors, this is recreated at a more interpersonal level, creating an
architecture of intimacy.</span>
https://leonardpalmer.com/monoliths-1
2025-03-25T02:06:17+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2129586779730310919912243441317/G3_10.jpg
Section B
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/L2129586779564290223248857476773/G3_01.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2129586779656523943617405234853/G3_06.jpg
Plan 2
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/F2129586779674970687691114786469/G3_07.jpg
Plan 3
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/S2129586779638077199543695683237/G3_05.jpg
Plan 1
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/V2129586779619630455469986131621/G3_04.gif
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/K2129586779748757663985952992933/G3_11.jpg
Section A
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/H2129586779711864175838533889701/G3_09.jpg
Section C
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/V2129586779693417431764824338085/G3_08.jpg
Plan 4<br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/D2129586779472056502880309718693/G3_00.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/F2129586779767204408059662544549/G3_12.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2129586779582736967322567028389/G3_02.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/S2129586779601183711396276580005/G3_03.jpg
https://leonardpalmer.com/perspective
2025-03-25T02:07:04+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2129128989538964816583964602021/U1_00.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/X2129128989575858304731383705253/U1_01.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/T2129128989704985513247350566565/U1_08.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2129128989668092025099931463333/U1_06.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/C2129128989631198536952512360101/U1_04.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2129128989594305048805093256869/U1_02.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/X2129128989612751792878802808485/U1_03.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2129128989686538769173641014949/U1_07.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2129128989723432257321060118181/U1_09.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2129128989741879001394769669797/U1_10.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R2129196472026877815298101456549/U1_13.jpg
Custom paper corner pieces connecting the paper tubes
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/C2129196472008431071224391904933/U1_12.jpg
Custom paper tube pieces prior to assembly
https://leonardpalmer.com/confession-1
2025-03-25T02:07:47+00:00
always
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https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2129532078271943575671748800165/U2_02.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/S2129532078253496831598039248549/U2_01.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2129532078290390319745458351781/U2_03.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/H2129532078308837063819167903397/U2_04.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/D2129532078216603343450620145317/U2_00.jpg
https://leonardpalmer.com/research
2025-03-18T06:49:50+00:00
always
0.5
https://leonardpalmer.com/pipecycle_experiment
2025-03-25T02:08:23+00:00
always
0.5
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https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/L2259550558198836261782863326885/R1_04_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Experiements were conducted outdoors in March and April 2024 in Cambridge, MA. The system was connected to a water pump that fed tepid water (20C) in an open loop for 1-2h. A pyranometer recorded the solar irradiance.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/F2259550558180389517709153775269/R1_03_Experiment.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2259550558217283005856572878501/R1_05_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Thermocouples were connected to data loggers on the back side of the system.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2259550558327963470298830188197/R1_11_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Rare data was collected during the solar eclipse on April 8, 2024 - showing the highly emissive black pipe dropping faster in surface temperature than the low emissivity polished aluminum pipe while the sun was eclipsed. </span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2259550558161942773635444223653/R1_02_Box_Anno.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Thermocouples were placed inside at the inlet and outlet, as well as at the outer surface of each pipe. The mass flow rates of the water (g/s) were recorded and calibrated to ensure uniformity across the six samples. </span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2259550558069709053266896465573/G9_00_Model.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Conceptual folly Pipecycle uses the geometry of the Möbius strip to seamlessly integrate radiant systems into architectural space making. The folly consistes of pipes that vary in surface emissivity to absorb, reject or emit heat to its surroundings.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2259550558254176494003991981733/R1_07_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The thermal image intuitively and clearly shows how the black aluminum pipe on top is emitting more heat compared to the polished aluminum pipe below.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2259550558291069982151411084965/R1_09_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">A sample of the data of the resulting heat flux for the six cases from
one test day. The figure shows multiple heat exchange conditions in an environment with
an average outdoor temperature of 15 °C and a clear sky with an average NIR heat flux
of 516 W/m2. The black pipe experiences an average heat gain of 367 W/m2, or about
71% energy recovery of the available solar energy. PVDF samples 1 and 2 averaged −
89 W/m2 of cooling. The aluminum pipe’s heat flux is 96 W/m2, or a gain of 18%. The
half system showed an average heat flux of 104 W/m2.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2259550558235729749930282430117/R1_06_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Initial indoor lab experiment tested polar opposite sides of surface emissivity: fully polished aluminum (low emissivity), half and half, and fully matte black (high emissivity). The experiment flowed warm water through each pipe, and recorded the rate of decline in temperature once the water was shut off.
</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2259550558272623238077701533349/R1_08_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The pipes have different levels of emissivity in the NIR and MIR, which controlls the radiative heat exchange with its surroundings and the sky.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2259559205847990576083565391525/R1_00_Box.gif
<span class="image-caption">Six polished putipurpose 6061 aluminum round pipes (1/2” ID, 3/4”OD, 12” length) were treated with different surface coatings that capture polar ends of emissivity. Three samples of PVDF were fabricated due to variability in thickness of the polymer coating. Each pipe was inserted into a CNC-milled
polystyrene insulation shell faced with aluminum foil to provide equal radiant views to
the environment and to prevent radiative exchange between the samples. The experimental
system was topped with 3/16” thick foam core with rectangular holes exposing
11 1/2” length of each pipe.
0.0009"
thick polyethylene film with lab-measured
IR transparency of 85% sealed the system to prevent convective heat exchange with the environment.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2259562939653458535633907986085/G9_08_Section.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Harnessing the cooling potential of the cold water in an existing underground reservoir, Pipecycle creates a cool zone on one side, by having the low emissivity polished aluminum surface facing outward.
The black side of the pipes then flip outward to
absorb solar radiation from the south, with its black, high emissivity side. Once
the water is heated up, it reaches the opposite side to heat the space,
eventually returning to the reservoir below.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2259564545922145497966824500901/R1_14_Speculative.jpg
<span class="image-caption">A theoretical design of a scaled up experiment of this radiant-based system, providing cooling for the occupant below. </span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2259677050382195019603274739365/R1_14_Experiment.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/B2259677049054029446296187023013/R1_13_Experiment.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Z2268136487093130612497138953893/R1_12_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">To explore the potentials of radiative sky cooling in this system, a set of pipes were coated with a porous polymer made with PVDF. The microscale air bubbles are created
as the acetone evaporates off, creating a porous structure reflects sunlight,
while emitting heat through the atmospheric window. <b>Left:</b> custom jig to coat the pipes with the porous polymer. <b>Right:</b> Diagram taken from Mandal et al., <i>“Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling,”</i> Science, vol. 362, no. 6412, pp. 315-319, Oct. 2018.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/K2269666346543787797173298900645/R1_10_Experiment.jpg
<span class="image-caption">This chart showsthe resulting surface temperature when the water
flow is turned off and the inlet and outlet valves are closed.</span>
https://leonardpalmer.com/feel-the-flux-1
2025-03-25T02:09:01+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/T2260128829148582382462872956581/R3_04_Axo.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2260128829130135638389163404965/R3_03_Components.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Each panel is a free-standing, free-rotating solar collector.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2260128829093242150241744301733/R3_01_Section.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Water-glycol solution travels through the pipes arrayed on the front of the panel, into the insulated sphere where they can grip the exposed portion of the pipe to feel the heat collected from the sun.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2260128829111688894315453853349/R3_02_Plan.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2260128828687413780620134166181/R3_05_Elevations.gif
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/D2260128829074795406168034750117/R3_00_Cover.jpg
https://leonardpalmer.com/moss*crete-1
2025-03-25T02:09:42+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">As facade panels, the Moss*Crete panels can be arranged in
different configurations depending on aesthetic and thermal
needs. While the initial motivation of this project stemmed
from introducing moss to concrete specifically because
of its ubiquity in the building industry, the flexibility of
application opens up opportunities for using materials other
than concrete, like terracotta.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Z2260245840019081902826816122533/R4_05_Geometries.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Three basic surface geometries were designed to create
particular conditions that moss is attracted to. Permutations
of these three basic geometries created four more types of
panels. A total of seven surface geometries were tested. All
panels are 0.25" at the thinnest part.
The Ridges are inspired by tree roots in forests where moss
is typically found. It’s speculated that the crevices in between
the ridges create ideal conditions for the moss to grow.
Moss also favors shaded areas. The Shading panels follow
the conventions of horizontal louvres found in building
facades that control the solar radiation that enters the
building. The saw tooth form creates strands of shade on
the panel itself.
We also tested panels with holes in them to see if they help
with the water retention, because moss is attracted to moist
conditions. The air flow through the holes could also be
beneficial for moss growth.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/F2260245839871507950237139709605/R4_08_Process.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">The collected moss was soaked and rinsed with filtered
water to eliminate the excess dirt. The moss was blended
with a blender. Yogurt was added to the moss, then blended
further. In our first attempt, we let the moss slurry rest for
two days in order to let the moss produce spores. However,
this resulted in a layer of mold at the surface of the slurry,
ruining the mixture. In our second attempt, we immediately
applied the slurry onto the concrete panels.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/H2260245840000635158753106570917/R4_04_FLIR.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">Thermal imaging of Moss*Crete
panels (from left: concrete,
Moss*Crete (moss), Moss*Crete
(chia)). The flat panels of concrete, Moss*Crete (moss), and
Moss*Crete (chia) showed a significant surface temperature
difference. This aligns with our predictions of how moss
growth would mitigate the heat on building surfaces. In
future studies, it would be meaningful to capture thermal
imaging of each of the surface geometry types once the
moss and chia have shown significant growth. We can also
measure the surface temperature of the back side of these
panels to see how much heat transfers from the outer side
of the panel into the inside.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R2260245839908401438384558812837/R4_10_SEM.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">A small amount of moss was scraped off of the Moss*Crete
(moss) panel for SEM imaging. The SEM images show
various organisms, including what seem to be moss spores
and mold spores. The strands of moss leaves are also visible,
with spores grabbing onto them.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2260245839889954694310849261221/R4_09_Process.jpg
<span class="image-caption">Before applying the moss/chia to the panels, the panels
were soaked in water. This enabled a smooth application
of the slurry onto the panels and ensured enough moisture
was embedded in the panels. The slurry and goo were evenly
applied onto the panels with a small paint brush.
In order to retain the moisture, each panel was placed into a
plastic sealable ziplock bag. This created a mini-greenhouse
for each panel. All panels were placed in a room with indirect
sunlight, to prevent too much solar radiation hitting the
panels, especially because moss typically grow in areas
where there’s not a lot of direct sunlight.</span><br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2260245839982188414679397019301/R4_03_Chia.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/L2260245839078297955067628990117/R4_07_Process.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">The mold was prepared for casting by coating the surface
with a layer of Murphy’s Oil Soap as the extract agent. The concrete mix was then pressed into the blue foam mold with
a spatula, scraping the top off in order to have the backside
of the panels flat. Once cured, the concrete was sanded at
the top, then released from the mold. While most molds were
reusable, the molds that included holes had to be destroyed
for extraction.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/I2260245839926848182458268364453/R4_00_Cover.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">As facade panels, the Moss*Crete panels can be arranged in
different configurations depending on aesthetic and thermal
needs. While the initial motivation of this project stemmed
from introducing moss to concrete specifically because
of its ubiquity in the building industry, the flexibility of
application opens up opportunities for using materials other
than concrete, like terracotta.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2260245839945294926531977916069/R4_01_Sample.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">Sample panel of Moss*Crete</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2260245840037528646900525674149/R4_06_Process.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The panel molds were milled into 2” thick blue foam with the
CNC machine. The toolpaths were calibrated to produce a
rough texture, so that the cast concrete panels would have a
rough surface. This has been found to be ideal for biological
growth.
The expanded clay balls were crushed with a hammer to
produce the appropriate scale for the 6”x 6” panels. This
crushed clay was then added into the cement, along with
water. This produced our moisture capturing concrete mix.</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/U2268178450595099714375794405029/R4_02_Map.jpg
https://leonardpalmer.com/shells-of-light,-blobs-of-shadow-1
2025-03-25T02:10:25+00:00
always
0.5
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R856944258311223298209515121244/horizontal.svg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Z2260321864825240554960115314341/R5_01_Scan-comparison_.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">From top row to bottom row: Rhinoceros digital
model, 3D scan of physical print,
overlay of digital model and 3d
scan of physical prints</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Z2260321864788347066812696211109/R5_08_Offset.jpg
<span class="image-caption">To test the effects of the cantilever, we tested 8 spheres at various lengths of cantilever spans. The cantilever span is calculated as the distance from the center of a sphere to the perpendicular point on the surface of the cylindrical base. Each sphere moves away from the cylindrical base surface by 2.5mm starting at 2.5mm span length. The constants of the test include 90% print speed, 50mm diameter sphere size, base geometry and clay consistency.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Y2260321864843687299033824865957/R5_02_Elevation.jpg
<span class="image-caption">In order to demonstrate this new set of design tools, we created a standing floor lamp as a proof of concept. The physical interaction offered by furniture enhances the distinctive characteristics of our BLOB and SHELL bubbles. Using bubble size and overhang distance as key parameters, we modeled the lamp’s bubble formations digitally, anticipating their physical behaviors such as droop and structural coupling.<br />
<br />
The lamp comprises six vertically stacked cylinders, each progressively transitioning from heavier BLOB-rich compositions at the base (2/3 BLOB, 1/3 SHELL) to lighter, porous SHELL-dominated forms at the top. This gradual transition leverages BLOB’s thickness and weight for stability at the bottom and SHELL’s lightness near eye-level for visual delicacy. The resulting structure features two spiraling ribbons of contrasting densities and textures.
This final lamp is
a testament to the beautiful textural and light qualities
created with these combined toolpaths and to the research
that built our semi-predictable set of bubbles, holes, droops,
and leafing. </span>
<br />
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2260321864806793810886405762725/R5_00_Cover.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/A2260321863736882654611251768997/R5_07_Offset.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">To test the effects of the cantilever, we tested 8 spheres at various lengths of cantilever spans. The cantilever span is calculated as the
distance from the center of a sphere to the perpendicular point on the surface of the cylindrical base. Each sphere
moves away from the cylindrical base surface by 2.5mm
starting at 2.5mm span length. The constants of the
test include 90% print speed, 50mm diameter sphere
size, base geometry and clay consistency.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/C2260321864862134043107534417573/R5_03_Blob-Shell.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">BLOB creates a textural and leafing surface with gradual
transitions from base cylinder to Bubble and thick, fully
opaque walls. SHELL creates a smooth and layered surface
with more legible boundaries between cylinder and sphere
and thinner, constant wall thickness. When the bubble
overhangs the circumference of the cylinder, SHELL also
creates holes, droops, and gaps among the droops which
begin to add levels of porosity in the SHELL bubbles that
contrast the opaqueness of the BLOB bubbles.
These effects push the design of the object beyond what
can be defined in the digital 3D model and creates a design
process that has components in the digital creation of the
model and the understanding and interpretation of the
details and surface characteristics that will be added by
the robot through the additive manufacturing process. In
a sense, the craft of the machine and the characteristics
of the clay body create something even more beautiful and
tactile than a simple 3D model can emulate.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/G2260321864935921019402372624037/R5_06_Sphere-Diameter.jpg
<span class="image-caption">To test the effects of sphere size, we tested 8 incrementally sized spheres ranging from 10mm diameter to 80mm diameter to see how size difference correlates to drooping distance of spheres. The constants of the test include print speed, cantilever span, cylindrical base and clay body consistency.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/O2260321864917474275328663072421/R5_05_Sphere-Diameter.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">There are two variable parameters in this research: sizes
and cantilever spans of the spheres on the cylindrical base.
With the results of previous print tests, we speculateed that
both parameters will result in various degrees of drooping
and hole opening effects on spheres. To test the effects of sphere size, we tested 8 incrementally sized
spheres ranging from 10mm diameter to 80mm diameter to see how size difference correlates to drooping distance
of spheres. The constants of the test include print
speed, cantilever span, cylindrical base and clay body
consistency.</span></div>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/M2260328681690385785808948145829/R5_11_Photo.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2260328681727279273956367249061/R5_13_Photo.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/T2260328681671939041735238594213/R5_10_Photo.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/N2260328680528240909165246394021/R5_09_Photo.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/E2260328681708832529882657697445/R5_12_Photo.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2260345857748940721951810629285/R5_04_Print-delay.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The BLOB toolpath was scripted so that whenever the contour lines are inside the Bubbles, the speed would decrease to 9mm/s, as opposed to the standard speed of 25mm/s for everywhere else. The 9mm/s slow speed was determined after a series of initial tests to balance between the legibility of the BLOB and avoiding over-leafing.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/Q2260345858505257228973902245541/R5_04_Contour.jpg
<span class="image-caption">The SHELL toolpath was scripted so that the extruder followed the contour lines of the joined surface of the base cylindrical surface and Bubbles. The toolpath speed was scripted to run at 25mm/s.
</span>
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/D2260354542734305041440645164709/R5_14_Exhibit.jpg
<div style="text-align: center"><span class="image-caption">Pieces exhibited at Harvard’s Ceramic Studio in Allston, MA.</span></div>
https://leonardpalmer.com/make
2025-03-18T06:49:50+00:00
always
0.5
https://leonardpalmer.com/woodles-n-things-1
2025-03-25T02:11:10+00:00
always
0.5
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https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/R2261661105805242753817548009125/W2_Corner.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/C2261665043207425054900211789477/W2_Front.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/S2261714171849067499264034582181/W1_Front.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/P2261742515787845588053960011429/W7_Full.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/A2261742516064546749159603285669/W7_Corner.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/T2261784909043611375144039460517/W7_Front.jpg
https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/J2261869251855607744388353339045/W3_Night.jpg
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